Volume 17, Number 4

An Energy Hole Detection and Relay Repositioning in Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Improving Lifetime of WSN

  Authors

Saranya Selvaraj and Anitha Damodaran, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, India

  Abstract

Clustering is essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) as it facilitates less energy consumption routing, network partitioning, and the optimization of routing pathways depending upon the parameters such as energy consumption and distance. Numerous Clustering Routing Algorithms (CRAs) have been formulated for a long time. Among them, a Relay-optimized Dual Mode energy-minimized SCA-Levy (RDMSCA-Levy)-based CRA can choose the optimal Relay Node (RN) in multi-hop WSNs to enhance inter- and intra-cluster transmission. However, the major limitation of the static node deployment in WSN is the possibility of energy holes’ formation, even with high residual energy. Therefore, this article proposes an Enhanced RDMSCA-Levy (ERDMSCA-Levy) algorithm for multi-hop WSNs to detect and prevent energy holes. It incorporates the Voronoi geometry-based hole detection and relay positioning model-based hole prevention approaches. In the hole detection phase, the network region is split into Voronoi cells, where each sensor node serves as a generating point in the geometry. Then, the distance between the sensor nodes within the Region of Interest (ROI) and the edge points of their corresponding Voronoi cells Is determined. Any abnormal distances are detected as potential holes in the network. After that, a relay-based hole prevention is introduced, which involves repositioning RNs within the network based on the energy and distance. The updated locations of these RNs are then integrated into the Deep Q-Learning (DQL) algorithm to choose the best RN position and optimize the coverage. Finally, the findings reveal that the ERDMSCA-Levy attained a better efficiency when evaluated with the existing CRAs.

  Keywords

Multi-hop WSN, Clustering routing, RDMSCA-Levy, Energy hole, Voronoi cell, Node repositioning