Volume 11, Number 4

Adversarial Grammatical Error Generation: Application to Persian Language

  Authors

Nassibeh Golizadeh¹, Mahdi Golizadeh¹ and Mohamad Forouzanfar², ¹University of Tabriz, Iran, ²K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran

  Abstract

Grammatical error correction (GEC) greatly benefits from large quantities of high-quality training data. However, the preparation of a large amount of labelled training data is time-consuming and prone to human errors. These issues have become major obstacles in training GEC systems. Recently, the performance of English GEC systems has drastically been enhanced by the application of deep neural networks that generate a large amount of synthetic data from limited samples. While GEC has extensively been studied in languages such as English and Chinese, no attempts have been made to generate synthetic data for improving Persian GEC systems. Given the substantial grammatical and semantic differences of the Persian language, in this paper, we propose a new deep learning framework to create large enough synthetic sentences that are grammatically incorrect for training Persian GEC systems. A modified version of sequence generative adversarial net with policy gradient is developed, in which the size of the model is scaled down and the hyperparameters are tuned. The generator is trained in an adversarial framework on a limited dataset of 8000 samples. Our proposed adversarial framework achieved bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU) scores of 64.5% on BLEU-2, 44.2% on BLEU-3, and 21.4% on BLEU-4, and outperformed the conventional supervised-trained long short-term memory using maximum likelihood estimation and recently proposed sequence labeler using neural machine translation augmentation. This shows promise toward improving the performance of GEC systems by generating a large amount of training data.

  Keywords

natural language processing, grammatical error correction, grammatical and semantic errors, natural language generation, generative adversarial network.